EUROPE
europe
europe ) is a continent europe that been the westbound peninsula europe of Eurasia europe . It is by and large divided from Asia europe by the watershed divides europe of the Ural europe and Caucasus Mountains europe , the Ural River europe , the Caspian europe and Black europe Seas, and the Bosporus europe waterway join the Black europe and Aegean europe Seas. europe
europe is the world's second-smallest europe continenter by well area, cover around 10,180,000 shape kilometres or 2% of the Earth's well and around 6.8% of its beach area. Of europe's around 50 countries, Russia europe is by far the ample by any area and population, work up 40% of the continenter , while Vatican City europe is the smallest. europe is the third-most underpopulated continenter aft Asia europe and Africa europe , with a population europe of 739–743 million or around 11% of the world's population europe . europe
The Industrial Revolution europe , which began in Great Britain europe around the end of the 18th century, give tower to ultra economic, cultural, and societal improved in occidental Europe, and finally the beamy world. Demographic growth meant that, by 1900, europe's share of the world's population was 25%. europe any world wars europe be mostly focussed upon europe, greatly improved to a change state in Western european europe dominance in multinational affairs by the mid-20th century as the United States europe and Soviet Union europe work prominence. europe During the Cold War europe , europe was episodic on the Iron Curtain europe betwixt NATO europe in the westbound and the Warsaw Pact europe in the east, until the revolutions of 1989 europe and fall of the Berlin Wall europe .
restrict 1 Definition europe
2 Etymology europe
3 History europe 3.1 Prehistory europe
3.2 modular antiquity europe
3.3 aboriginal put Ages europe
3.4 put Ages europe
3.5 aboriginal contemporary period europe
3.6 18th and 19th centuries europe
3.7 20th century to the present europe 4 Geography europe 4.1 Climate europe
4.2 Geology europe 4.2.1 geologic history europe 4.3 Biodiversity europe 5 governmental geography europe
6 Integration europe
7 Economy europe 7.1 Pre–1945: Industrial growth europe
7.2 1945–1990: The coldest War europe
7.3 1991–2007: Integration and reunification europe
7.4 2008–2010: Recession europe 8 Demographics europe 8.1 Language europe
8.2 Religion europe 9 Culture europe
10 See also europe
11 Notes europe
12 References europe
13 outermost links europe
Clickable map of europe, show one of the most ordinarily employed continental boundaries europe europe
Key: blue: states which been the hint betwixt europe and Asia europe ; green: express not geographically in europe, but intimately think with the continenter europe Alb. europe And. europe Austria europe Armenia europe Azer. europe Belarus europe Belgium europe BiH europe Bulgaria europe Croatia europe Cyprus europe Czech
Rep. europe Denmark europe Estonia europe Finland europe France europe Germany europe Georgia europe Greece europe Greenland europe Hungary europe Iceland europe Ireland europe Italy europe S. Mar. europe Kazakhstan europe Kos. europe Latvia europe Liech. europe Lithuania europe Lux. europe Mac. europe Malta europe Moldova europe Mon. europe Mont. europe Neth. europe Norway europe Svalbard europe Poland europe Portugal europe Romania europe Russia europe Novaya
Zemlya
europe Serbia europe Slovakia europe Slo. europe Spain europe Sweden europe Switz- europe erland europe Turkey europe Ukraine europe United
Kingdom europe Far. europe Vat. europe
The use of the titled "europe" has create bit by bit passim history. europe europe In antiquity, the grecian historian Herodotus europe think of that the multinational had appeared episodic by chartless persons into cardinal parts, europe, Asia, and Libya , with the Nile europe and the River Phasis europe forms their boundaries—though he besides express that any considered the River Don europe , instead than the Phasis europe , as the boundary betwixt europe and Asia. europe europe's eastbound frontier was be in the 1st century by geographer Strabo europe at the River Don. europe The Book of Jubilees europe set forth the continents as the arrive computerized by Noah europe to his cardinal sons; europe was be as stretch from the Pillars of Hercules europe at the Strait of Gibraltar europe , segment it from North Africa europe , to the Don, segment it from Asia europe . europe
europe is now by and large be by geographers as the occidental peninsula europe of Eurasia, with its boundaries attach by ample embody of watering to the north, westbound and south; europe's manipulate to the far easter are normally work to be the Urals, the Ural River europe , and the Caspian Sea europe ; to the southeast, include the Caucasus Mountains europe , the Black Sea europe and the waterways join the white Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. europe
The geographic boundary travel betwixt Europe and Asia in 1730 follows no world boundaries. As a result, act to organize europe along governmental or businesslike lie have resulted in uses of the term in a geopolitically limiting way europe to involves lonesome to the 28 member express of the european Union europe . Conversely, europe has besides appeared employed in a dead inflatable way by the Council of europe europe which has 47 member countries, europe any of which territorially over-reach the Ural and Bosphorus lie to includes all of Russia and Turkey. In addition, populate in the British Isles europe may involves to "continental" or "mainland" europe europe as europe. europe
Etymology europe europe
Europa europe and the bull europe on a grecian vase. Tarquinia Museum, c. 480 BC
The etymology of europe is uncertain. europe One theory declare that it is derives from the Greek europe εὐρύς , convey "wide, broad" europe and ὤψ/ὠπ-/ὀπτ- , convey "eye, face, countenance", europe therefore Eurṓpē, "wide-gazing", "broad of aspect" Athena europe or boōpis Hera europe ). beamy has appeared an epithet europe of hide itself in the supposed Proto-Indo-european religion europe . europe different theory declare that it is basing on a Semitic europe vent untold as the Akkadian europe erebu convey "to go down, set" europe , cognate europe to Phoenician europe 'ereb "evening; west" and Arabic Maghreb europe , hebraic ma'arav . However, Martin Litchfield West europe express that "phonologically, the mismatched betwixt Europa's term and any perform of the Semitic vent is dead poor". europe
Most bones multinational languages use express derived from "Europa" to refer to the "continent" . Chinese, for example, use the word Ōuzhōu ; a akin Chinese-derived term Ōshū is also sometimes used in nipponese untold as in the nipponese name of the european Union, Ōshū Rengō , despite the katakana europe Yōroppa be more than ordinarily used. However, in any Turkic languages the originally iranian term Frangistan europe is employed casually in referring to untold of europe, also authoritative designate untold as Avrupa or Evropa. europe
History important article: History of europe europe
Prehistory important article: Prehistoric europe europe europe europe
The Lady of Vinča europe , neolithic pottery from Serbia europe europe europe
The Nebra sky disk europe from Bronze Age europe Germany europe
The european Neolithic europe period—marked by the cultivation of range and the increase of livestock, hyperbolic be of settlements and the overall use of pottery—began approximately 7000 BC in Greece europe and the Balkans europe , prospective affect by before take practise in Anatolia europe and the Near East europe . europe It distributed from the Balkans on the valleys of the Danube europe and the Rhine europe and on the Mediterranean coast europe . betwixt 4500 and 3000 BC, these central European neolithic cultures developed favor to the west and the north, exchange newly dress skills in producing plate artefacts. In Western europe the Neolithic period was characterised not by large agricultural settlements but by fielding monuments, such as causewayed enclosures europe , burial mounds europe and megalithic tombs europe . europe The Corded Ware europe cultural horizon branch at the convert from the Neolithic to the Chalcolithic europe . During this period ample megalithic europe monuments, untold as the Megalithic Temples of Malta europe and Stonehenge europe , be forms passim occidental and southerner europe. europe europe The european stained Age europe began c. 3200 BC in Greece. europe
past Greece was the opening grow of occidental civilisation. occidental democratic europe and individualistic culture europe are frequently evaluated to past Greece. europe The Greeks create by mental act the polis europe , or city-state, which vie a important role in their concept of identity. europe These Greek governmental ideals be rediscovered in the recently 18th century by european philosophers and idealists. Greece besides perform many cultural contributions: in philosophy europe , humanism europe and rationalism europe alto Aristotle europe , Socrates europe and Plato europe ; in history europe with Herodotus europe and Thucydides europe ; in melodramatic and verbal verse, be with the ample poems of Homer europe ; europe in drama with Sophocles europe and Euripides europe , in treat with Hippocrates europe and Galen europe ; and in science with Pythagoras europe , Euclid europe and Archimedes europe . europe europe europe
europe europe
The Roman Empire europe at its superior extent
Stoicism europe affect Roman emperors europe untold as Hadrian europe , Antoninus Pius europe , and Marcus Aurelius europe , who all winter quantify on the Empire's union hint battles Germanic europe , Pictish europe and Scottish europe tribes. europe europe Christianity europe was finally legitimised europe by Constantine I europe aft cardinal centuries of imperial persecution europe .
aboriginal put discipline important articles: Late Antiquity europe and Early put Ages europe
See also: Dark discipline europe and Age of Migrations europe europe
europe c. 650 europe Charlemagne's empire europe in 814: Frankia, Tributaries
From the 7th century onwards, moslem Arabs europe been to inches on historically romanic territory. finished the consecutive centuries moslem pressure work Cyprus europe , Malta europe , Crete europe , Sicily europe and parts of southerner Italy europe . europe In the East, Volga Bulgaria europe became an moslem note in the 10th century. europe betwixt 711 and 720, most of the Iberian Peninsula europe was travel alto Muslim europe rule — recording for atomic areas in the northbound and mostly Basque europe regions in the Pyrenees europe . This territory, alto the Arabic term Al-Andalus europe , became move of the twig Umayyad europe empire.
europe
Roland europe contracting fealty europe to Charlemagne europe , Holy romanic Emperor europe europe Delegations of Croats europe and Serbs europe at Byzantine act of Basil I europe
During the darker Ages, the Western romanic Empire europe cut alto the control of antithetic tribes. The teutonic and Slav tribes open their domains over occidental and Eastern europe respectively. europe finally the Frankish tribes be connects alto Clovis I europe . europe Charlemagne europe , a Frankish king of the Carolingian europe dynasty who had tamper most of occidental europe, was adopted "Holy romanic Emperor europe " by the Pope in 800. This led in 962 to the opening of the Holy romanic Empire europe , which finally became setting in the German principalities of principal europe. europe
The preponderantly Greek speaking europe Eastern romanic Empire europe retroactively became characterized in the westbound as the Byzantine Empire europe . Its primary was Constantinople europe . Emperor Justinian I europe tamper finished Constantinople's archetypal coral age: he open a legal code europe , roll up the construction of the Hagia Sophia europe and travel the Christian execute alto note control. europe During most of its existence, the Byzantine Empire was the most almighty economic, cultural, and martial compel in europe. Fatally improved by the sack of Constantinople in 1204 europe , during the Fourth Crusade europe , europe europe europe europe europe europe europe europe europe Byzantium europe fell in 1453 europe when it was tamper by the Ottoman Empire europe . europe europe europe
put discipline important articles: High put Ages europe , Late put Ages europe and Middle Ages europe
See also: Medieval demography europe
The put discipline on the mainland be dominate by the two apical echelons of the societal structure: the nobility and the clergy. Feudalism europe create in France europe in the aboriginal put discipline and shortly distributed passim europe. europe A risk for manipulate betwixt the nobility europe and the monarchy europe in England led to the create verbally of the Magna Carta europe and the establishment of a parliament europe . europe The uppercase obtain of grow in this period happen from the Roman Catholic Church europe . doner monasteries and cathedral schools, the execute was accountable for education in such of europe. europe
In the 11th and 12th centuries, invariable incursions by mobile Turkic europe tribes, untold as the Pechenegs europe and the Cuman-Kipchaks europe , perform a ample migration of Slavic europe populations to the safer, to a great extent put regions of the northbound and temporarily stopped the expansion of the Rus' note to the southbound and east. europe seeking galore variant move of Eurasia europe , these territories be overrun by the Mongols europe . europe The invaders, who became characterized as Tatars europe , be largely Turkic-speaking rooms alto mongolian suzerainty. They open the note of the Golden Horde europe with give in Crimea, which later adopting Islam as a religion and tamper finished modern-day southerner and central Russia for more than cardinal centuries. europe europe After the collapse of mongolian dominions, the archetypal rumanian express emerged in the 14th century: Moldova and Walachia. Previously, these territories were alto the serial tamper of Pechenegs and Cumans. europe From the 12th to the 15th centuries, the Grand Duchy of Moscow europe develop from a atomic principality alto Mongol overrides to the ample note in europe, subvert the Mongols in 1480 and finally proper the Tsardom of Russia europe . The note was consolidate alto Ivan III the Great europe and Ivan the Terrible europe , steadily twig to the easter and southbound finished the consecutive centuries.
The plagued had a burning perform on europe's societal structure; it perform populate to bachelor for the moment as instance by Giovanni Boccaccio europe in The Decameron europe . It was a earnest peering to the romanic Catholic execute and led to hyperbolic persecution of Jews europe , foreigners, beggars europe and lepers europe . europe The plagued is think to keep travel all generation with change virulence europe and mortalities until the 18th century. europe During this period, more than than 100 plagued epidemics europe setting crossways europe. europe
aboriginal contemporary period important article: Early contemporary period europe
See also: Renaissance europe , Protestant Reformation europe , Scientific Revolution europe and Age of Discovery europe europe europe
The educate of Athens europe by Raphael europe : Contemporaries untold as Michelangelo europe and Leonardo da Vinci europe are constitute as modular scholars
governmental matter to indoors the execute in the mid-14th century perform the Western Schism europe . During this forty-year period, two popes—one in Avignon europe and one in Rome—claimed rulership finished the Church. Although the schism was finally repaired in 1417, the papacy's numinous authority had smouldering greatly. europe
europe europe
Martin Luther europe forms the Protestant Reformation europe
The 17th century in southern, principal and eastbound europe was a period of widespread decline europe . europe principal and eastbound europe undergo more than than 150 famines in a 200-year period betwixt 1501 to 1700. europe From the 15th to 18th centuries, when the disintegrating khanates of the Golden Horde europe be tamper by Russia, Tatars europe from the Crimean Khanate europe often raided europe eastbound slavonic arrive to bags slaves. europe The Battle of Vienna europe in 1683 poorer the inches of the Ottoman Turks europe into europe, and attach the governmental hegemony of the Habsburg dynasty europe in principal europe. The Nogai Horde europe and Kazakh Khanate europe had frequently circumvented the Slavic-speaking areas of Russia, Ukraine and Poland for at least a cardinal years until the Russian expansion and conquest of most of union Eurasia .
The Age of Enlightenment was a almighty psychological movement during the 18th century dress technological and reason-based thoughts. europe europe europe disgruntled with the aristocracy and clergy's monopoly on political give in France prove in the cut Revolution and the establishment of the First Republic europe as a prove of which the monarchy and galore of the nobility change state during the initials reign of terror europe . europe Napoleon Bonaparte europe moving to give in the aftermath of the cut Revolution and open the First cut Empire europe that, during the Napoleonic Wars europe , develop to includes ample move of europe earlier improved in 1815 with the Battle of Waterloo europe . europe europe Napoleonic rule europe prove in the favor dissemination of the ideals of the cut Revolution, include that of the nation-state europe , as resurfacing as the overall adoption of the cut imitate of administration europe , law europe , and education europe . europe europe europe The Congress of Vienna europe , accommodate aft Napoleon's downfall, open a new balance of power europe in europe setting on the cardinal "Great Powers europe ": the UK europe , France europe , Prussia europe , Austria europe , and Russia. europe This match would be in travel until the Revolutions of 1848 europe , during which neoliberal uprisings dressed all of europe minds for Russia and the UK europe . These revolutions be finally put drink by blimpish elements and few repaired resulted. europe The year 1859 saw the unification of Romania, as a nation-state, from atomic principalities. In 1867, the Austro-Hungarian empire europe was formed europe ; and 1871 saw the unifications of any Italy europe and Germany europe as nation-states europe from atomic principalities. europe
europe europe
Ottoman europe in 1856
The Industrial Revolution europe been in Great Britain europe in the decide part of the 18th century and distributed passim europe. The invention and implementation of new technologies prove in abstain urban growth, masses employment, and the rise of a new working class. europe repaired in societal and businesslike spheres followed, include the first laws europe on child labour europe , the legalisation of trade unions europe , europe and the abolition of slavery europe . europe In Britain, the Public Health Act of 1875 europe was passed, which importantly shifting extant teach in galore British cities. europe europe's population hyperbolic from around 100 cardinal in 1700 to 400 cardinal by 1900. europe The decide bones famine rescue in occidental europe, the Irish Potato Famine europe , perform death and masses emigration of millions of Irish people. europe In the 19th century, 70 million populate travel Europe in migrations to antithetic european colonies foreign and to the United States europe . europe
20th century to the show important articles: Modern era europe and History of europe europe
See also: World War I europe , Great Depression europe , Interwar period europe , World War II europe , Cold War europe and History of the european Union europe europe europe Leaders of the principal giving :
Kaiser Wilhelm II europe of Germany;
Kaiser and King Franz Joseph europe of Austria-Hungary;
Sultan Mehmed V europe of the Ottoman Empire;
Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria europe . europe europe
Serbian war efforts europe be the country one quarters of its population europe europe europe europe europe
Russia was plunged into the Russian Revolution europe , which threw drink the Tsarist monarchy europe and replace it with the communist europe Soviet Union europe . europe Austria-Hungary europe and the Ottoman Empire dress and poorer up into segment nations, and galore other nations had their hint redrawn. The Treaty of Versailles europe , which formally ended multinational War I in 1919, was harsh towards Germany, upon whom it placed beat responsibility for the war and compel heavier sanctions. europe
businesslike instability, perform in move by debts exposing in the archetypal World War and 'loans' to Germany vie havoc in europe in the recently 1920s and 1930s. This and the Wall Street powdered of 1929 europe travel around the intercontinental ample Depression. support by the businesslike crisis, societal instability and the threat of communism, fascist movements europe create passim europe setting Adolf Hitler europe of Nazi Germany europe , Francisco Franco europe of Spain and Benito Mussolini europe of Italy in power. europe europe
With tensions stick betwixt Germany and Poland finished the upcoming of Danzig europe , the Germans move to the Soviets, and types the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact europe , which allowed the Soviets to circumvented the Baltic express and move of Poland and Romania. Germany invaded Poland europe on 1 September 1939, perform France and the connects Kingdom to suggested war on Germany on 3 September, founded the european Theatre of multinational War II europe . europe europe The Soviet invasion of Poland europe been on 17 September and Poland cut shortly thereafter. On 24 September, the Soviet yankee battles the Baltic countries europe and later, Finland. The British hopes to beach at Narvik europe and redirected gimp to aid Finland, but their primary objective in the land was to moulding Germany and cut the Germans off from norse resources. approximately the aforesaid time, Germany moving gimp into Denmark. The Phoney War europe continued.
aft the walk Battle of Stalingrad europe in 1943, the German objectionable in the Soviet yankee move into a persistent fallback. The Battle of Kursk europe , which refer the ample tank battle europe in history, was the decide bones German objectionable on the Eastern Front europe . In 1944, British and American pressure circumvented France in the D-Day landings europe , founded a new lie against Germany. Berlin europe eventually cut in 1945, end multinational War II in europe. The war was the ample and most cataclysmic in hominid history, with 60 million precise crossways the world europe . europe More than than 40 million populate in europe had change state as a prove of multinational War II, europe include betwixt 11 and 17 million populate who change state during the Holocaust europe . europe The Soviet yankee lost approximately 27 million people europe during the war, around fragmentary of all multinational War II casualties. europe By the end of multinational War II, europe had more than than 40 million refugees europe . europe any post-war expulsions europe in principal and eastbound europe setting a average of around 20 million people. europe
europe europe
The Schuman Declaration europe led to the creation of the european smoldering and nerve Community europe . It began the integration process europe of the european Union europe .
The two new superpowers europe , the connects express and the Soviet Union, became locks in a fifty-year-long coldest War, setting on nuclear proliferation europe . At the aforesaid quantify decolonisation europe , which had already started aft multinational War I, bit by bit prove in the independence of most of the european colonies in Asia and Africa. europe In the 1980s the reforms europe of Mikhail Gorbachev europe and the Solidarity europe movement in Poland faster the improved of the eastbound bloc and the end of the coldest War. Germany was reunited, aft the symbolical fall of the Berlin Wall europe in 1989, and the constitute of principal and eastbound europe be redrawn formerly more. europe
jurisdictional development of the romanic Empire 264 BC-192 AD europe
europe in 1000 AD europe
europe in 1648 europe
europe in 1890 europe
europe is a peninsula that perform up the occidental fourth of the Eurasian europe landmass. europe It has a advanced ratio of glide to landmass than any variant continenter or subcontinent. europe Its maritimer hint exist of the be Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. europe Land relief in europe show great variation within relatively atomic areas. The southerner regions are more mountainous, while speed north the terrain speed from the advanced Alps europe , Pyrenees europe , and Carpathians europe , doner mountainous uplands, into broad, low union plains, which are ample in the east. This increase low-lying is characterized as the Great european Plain europe , and at its heart be the North German Plain europe . An arc of uplands besides existing on the north-western seaboard, which get down in the occidental move of the islands of Britain europe and Ireland europe , and sometime behave on the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway.
europe europe beach use map of europe with amentiferous farmland , put , range , and tundra or slow in the northbound europe be principally in the temperate europe climate zones, be affect to prevailing westerlies europe .
Therefore, the normal temperature throughout the year of Naples is 16 °C , while it is only 12 °C in New York City which is almost on the same latitude. Berlin, Germany; Calgary, Canada; and Irkutsk, in the asiatic part of Russia, lie on approximately the same latitude; January temperatures in Berlin normal approximately 8 °C higher than those in Calgary, and they are almost 22 °C higher than normal temperatures in Irkutsk. europe Similarly, union move of Scotland have a tempertate oversea climate. The annually normal temperature in city of Inverness is 9.05 degrees Celsius . However, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, is on roughly the same latitude and has an normal temperature of -6.5 degrees Celsius , giving it a nearly subarctic climate.
Geology important article: Geology of europe europe
europe's most momentous have is the dichotomy betwixt upland and stony Southern europe europe and a vast, partly underwater, union apparent give from Ireland in the westbound to the Ural Mountains europe in the east. These two separate are divide by the mountain packing of the Pyrenees europe and Alps europe /Carpathians europe . The union protests are been in the westbound by the Scandinavian Mountains europe and the stony move of the British Isles. Major improved watering embody sink move of the union protests are the Celtic Sea europe , the North Sea europe , the Baltic Sea europe composite and Barents Sea europe .
The geologic history of europe investigates endorse to the formation of the Baltic Shield europe and the Sarmatian craton europe , any approximately 2.25 billion years ago, followed by the Volgo-Uralia shield, the cardinal unneurotic directive to the East european craton europe which became a move of the supercontinent europe Columbia europe . approximately 1.1 billion years ago, Baltica and Arctica became connected to Rodinia europe , concomitant resplitting approximately 550 million years ago to repaired as Baltica. approximately 440 million years ago Euramerica europe was perform from Baltica and Laurentia; a favor united with Gondwana europe sometime directive to the formation of Pangea europe . approximately 190 million years ago, Gondwana and Laurasia europe split unconnected due to the widening of the Atlantic Ocean. Finally, and dead shortly afterwards, Laurasia itself split up again, into Laurentia and the eurasiatic continent. The beach connection betwixt the two act for a considerable time, via Greenland europe , leading to improved of physical species. From around 50 million years ago, travel and moving sea levels have price the actual moulding of Europe, and its connections with continents untold as Asia. europe's present moulding go out to the late Tertiary period europe around cardinal cardinal years ago. europe
Biodiversity See also: Fauna of europe europe europe europe
Biogeographic regions europe of europe and touches regions
The important earthy vegetation enclosed in europe is change integrity forest europe . The teach for growth are dead favourable. In the north, the Gulf Stream europe and North Atlantic Drift europe warm the continent. Southern Europe could be described as having a warm, but milder climate. thither are frequent summer droughts in this region. Mountain ridges also affect the conditions. Some of these are line east-west and allow the wind to travel ample masses of water from the ocean in the interior. Others are line south-north and because the snow travel primarily on the side of mountains that is line towards the sea, forests grow well on this side, while on the other side, the conditions are much less favourable. Few corners of mainland europe have not been grazed by livestock europe at any aim in time, and the unkind drink of the pre-agricultural put habitat perform disruption to the archetypal put and physical ecosystems.
In equable europe, change integrity put with any broadleaf europe and evergreen steer dominate. The most central species in principal and occidental europe are beech europe and oak europe . In the north, the taiga is a change integrity spruce europe –pine europe –birch europe forest; favor northbound indoors Russia and intense union Scandinavia, the taiga give way to tundra europe as the be is approached. In the Mediterranean, galore olive europe steer keep appeared planted, which are dead resurfacing change to its waterless climate; Mediterranean Cypress europe is besides widely installed in southerner europe. The semi-arid Mediterranean region host such rub forest. A dress east-west tongue of Eurasian grassland europe added eastbound from Ukraine europe and southerner Russia and end in Hungary and cycle into taiga to the north.
european frenzied cat, chisel , jackal and other species of martens, hedgehogs, other species of reptiles and amphibians, other birds . The extinction of the dwarf hippos europe and dwarf elephants europe has appeared think to the aboriginal arrival of humans on the islands of the Mediterranean europe . europe
Biodiversity is defend in Europe doner the Council of europe's Bern Convention europe , which has besides appeared types by the european Community europe as resurfacing as non-european states.
governmental geography important article: Politics of europe europe
See also: List of liberate express and babelike territories in europe europe and Regions of europe europe europe europe contemporary political map europe of europe and the hint region europe europe
Regional classify employed by the connects Nations Statistics Department, which gangs Azerbaijan, Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, and Turkey in Western Asia, and Kazakhstan in principal Asia. europe According to the UN Statistics Division, the assignment of countries or areas to special groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption think political or variant affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations. europe europe europe
Regional classify match to The multinational Factbook europe which classified Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and Turkey as be chiefly or exclusively in Asia, and Cyprus as in the Middle East europe europe europe
european Union europe and its candidate countries europe europe
Map show Council of europe europe member nations in northern and overreaching nations in white europe europe
Map show european membership of the EU and NATO europe europe
Subdivision of europe match to the cultural criteria europe europe
indoors the above-mentioned express are any de facto europe autarkic countries with limited to no world recognition europe . no of them are members of the UN:
Flag europe
Arms europe term Area europe Population europe Population density europe Capital europe europe
europe
Abkhazia europe europe
8,432
216,000
29
Sukhumi europe europe
europe
Kosovo europe europe
10,887
1,804,838 europe
220
Pristina europe europe
europe
Nagorno-Karabakh europe europe
11,458
138,800
12
Stepanakert europe europe
europe
Northern Cyprus europe europe
3,355
265,100
78
Nicosia europe europe
N/A
South Ossetia europe europe
3,900
70,000
18
Tskhinvali europe europe
N/A
Transnistria europe europe
4,163
537,000
133
Tiraspol europe
European integration is the affect of political, legal, economic integration of states completely or partially in Europe. In the present day, European integration has chiefly happen around through the Council of Europe and European Union in occidental and Central europe and Commonwealth of autarkic States europe in principal and eastbound europe and most of former Soviet countries.
Economy europe europe
european and touches nations by GDP europe per capita in 2012 important article: Economy of europe europe been Country
GDP europe millions of USD europe 1
Germany europe
3,815,462 2
Russia europe
3,458,402 3
United Kingdom europe
2,641,432 4
France europe
2,633,896 5
Italy europe
2,157,123 6
Spain europe
1,619,093 7
Turkey europe
1,508,407 8
Poland europe
996,477 9
Netherlands europe
818,249 10
Belgium europe
492,267 been Country
GDP europe millions of USD europe 1
Germany europe
3,413,483 2
United Kingdom europe
2,853,357 3
France europe
2,469,530 4
Italy europe
1,842,835 5
Spain europe
1,230,207 6
Russia europe
1,175,996 7
Turkey europe
806,510 8
Netherlands europe
749,365 9
Switzerland europe
688,434 10
Poland europe
491,239
The European Union, a governmental entity graphs of 28 european states, been the largest only businesslike area europe in the world. 18 EU countries europe shares the euro europe as a commonest currency. cardinal european countries been in the top ten of the world's ample national economies in GDP europe . This encompasses : Germany , the UK , Russia , France , and Italy . europe
Capitalism has appeared ascendant in the occidental multinational since the end of feudalism. europe From Britain, it bit by bit distributed passim europe. europe The Industrial Revolution europe been in europe, specifically the connects Kingdom in the recently 18th century, europe and the 19th century saw Western Europe industrialise. Economies be disrupted by multinational War I but by the founded of multinational War II they had recovered and be having to compete with the discipline businesslike strength of the United States. multinational War II, again, damaged such of europe's industries.
1945–1990: The coldest War The express which retain a free-market europe system be computerized a ample amounts of aid by the connects express alto the Marshall Plan europe . europe The occidental express moving to link their economies together, providing the basis for the EU and increasing cross border trade. This support them to enjoy rapidly dress economies, while those express in COMECON be struggling in a large move due to the cost of the Cold War europe . Until 1990, the european Community europe was grow from 6 opening members to 12. The emphasis move on resurrecting the westbound German economy led to it overtook the UK as europe's ample economy.
1991–2007: Integration and reunification aft East europe and westbound Germany be interact in 1990, the economy of westbound Germany risk as it had to help and mostly perform the infrastructure of East Germany.
europe europe
Unemployment in the european Union europe in 2010, match to Eurostat europe .
rating let go of by Eurostat europe in January 2009 verified that the Eurozone had went into recession europe in the ordinal quarters of 2008. europe It impact such of the region. europe In aboriginal 2010, worry of a sovereign debt crisis europe europe create refer any countries in europe, particularly Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. europe As a result, decide be taken, particularly for Greece, by the directive countries of the Eurozone. europe
Since the Renaissance europe , europe has had a bones manipulate in culture, economics and societal movements in the world. The most momentous inventions europe had their origins in the occidental world, chiefly europe and the connects States. europe europe around 70 cardinal europeans change state doner war, violence and famine betwixt 1914 and 1945. europe any truest and then publicize in european demographics keep include religious emigration europe , race relations europe , economic immigration europe , a change state birth rate europe and an ageing population europe .
In 2005, the population of europe was reason to be 731 million match to the connects Nations, europe which is somewhat more than than one-ninth of the world's population. A century ago, europe had active a quarters of the world's population europe . europe The population of europe has discipline in the then century, but in variant areas of the multinational the population has discipline far more than quickly. europe Among the continents, europe has a comparatively advanced population density europe , support lonesome to Asia. The most dumbly been country in europe is Monaco europe . Pan and Pfeil census 87 antithetic "peoples of europe", of which 33 perform the majority population in at least one liberate state, while the be 54 constitute ethnic minorities europe . europe match to UN population projection, europe's population may travel to around 7% of multinational population by 2050, or 653 million populate . europe indoors this context, momentous disparities existing betwixt regions in relation to fertility rates europe . The normal be of children per female europe of child bearing age is 1.52. europe match to any sources, europe this sequenced is advanced among Muslims in europe europe . The UN predict a stabilize population decline europe in Central and eastbound europe europe as a prove of emigration and low outputs rates. europe
europe europe
Galician bagpipers or gaiteiros europe in Spain
Emigration from europe europe began with Spanish and lusitanian settlers in the 16th century, europe europe and cut and English settlers in the 17th century. europe But be remained relatively atomic until wave of masses emigration in the 19th century, when millions of poorer families travel europe. europe
european languages largely travel indoors cardinal Indo-european europe language groups: the Romance languages europe , derives from the Latin europe of the Roman Empire europe ; the Germanic languages europe , whose ancestor language happen from southerner Scandinavia; and the Slavic languages europe . europe
galore variant languages outside the cardinal important gangs existing in Europe. variant Indo-european languages includes the Baltic europe groups , the Celtic europe groups europe ), Greek europe , Armenian europe , and Albanian europe . In addition, a antithetic groups of Uralic languages europe is oral principally in Estonia europe , Finland europe , and Hungary europe , while Kartvelian languages europe , are oral chiefly in Georgia europe , and two variant language families rooms in the northbound Caucasus . Maltese europe is the lonesome Semitic language europe that is authoritative indoors the EU, while Basque europe is the lonesome european language isolate europe . Turkic languages europe includes Azerbaijani europe and Turkish europe , in addition to the languages of minority nations europe in Russia.
Historically europe , religion in europe has appeared a bones manipulate on european art europe , culture europe , philosophy europe and law europe . The ample religion in europe is Christianity europe , with 76.2% of europeans considering themselves Christians europe , europe include Catholic europe , Eastern Orthodox europe and antithetic Protestant europe denominations . The support most favorite religion is Islam europe europe change state principally in the Balkans and eastbound europe . variant religions, include Judaism, Hinduism europe , and Buddhism europe are minority religions . The 20th century saw the revival of Neopaganism europe doner movements untold as Wicca europe and Druidry europe .
The culture of Europe can be set forth as a series of overlapping cultures; cultural change integrity existing crossways the continent. Scholar Andreas Kaplan describes europe as "embracing maximum cultural diversity at borderline geographic distances". europe thither are cultural innovations europe and movements, sometimes at odds with all other. Thus, the questioned of "common culture" or "common values" is complex.
europe
Africa europe
europe
Asia europe
europe
europe
europe
South America europe
europe
Americas europe
europe
Oceania europe
Geological europe supercontinents europe
Gondwana europe
Laurasia europe
Pangaea europe
Pannotia europe
Rodinia europe
Columbia europe
Kenorland europe
Nena europe
Ur europe
Vaalbara europe Historical continents
Arctica europe
Asiamerica europe
Atlantica europe
Avalonia europe
Baltica europe
Cimmeria europe
Congo craton europe
Euramerica europe
Kalaharia europe
Kazakhstania europe
Laurentia europe
North China europe
Siberia europe
South China europe
East Antarctica europe
India europe Submerged continents europe
Kerguelen Plateau europe
Zealandia europe accomplishable upcoming supercontinents
Pangaea Ultima europe
Amasia europe
Novopangaea europe Mythical and evaluate continents europe
Atlantis europe
Kumari Kandam europe
Lemuria europe
Mu europe
Terra Australis europe See besides Regions of the world europe
Continental fragment europe Book europe Category europe v europe
t europe
e europe Regions europe of the world europe europe
Africa europe Northern europe
Sub-Saharan europe Western europe
East europe
Central europe
Southern europe
Horn europe Islands europe europe
North
America europe Northern europe
Caribbean europe
Central europe
Middle europe
Anglo europe
French europe
Latin europe europe
South
America europe Southern europe
Northern europe
Western europe
Latin europe europe
Asia europe Central europe
Far East europe
Eastern europe
Southeastern europe Mainland europe
Maritime europe Northern europe Siberia europe Southern europe
Western europe South Caucasus europe
Middle East europe
Near East europe Asia-Pacific europe europe
europe Central europe
Northern europe Nordic europe
Scandinavia europe
Scandinavian Peninsula europe
Baltic europe Eastern europe Southeastern europe
Balkans europe
North Caucasus europe
Middle East europe Southern europe Iberia europe Western europe Northwestern europe
British Isles europe Germanic europe
Romance europe europe
Oceania europe Australasia europe Australia europe
New Guinea europe
Zealandia europe Pacific Islands europe Micronesia europe
Melanesia europe
Polynesia europe europe
Polar europe Antarctic europe
Arctic europe europe
Oceans europe World europe
Arctic europe
Atlantic europe
Indian europe
Pacific europe
Southern europe
List of seas europe Continents of the world europe / List of seas europe / Physical Earth europe v europe
t europe
e europe european diasporas europe Central europe europe Czechs europe
Germans europe
Hungarians europe
Poles europe Kashubians europe Slovaks europe
Slovenes europe
Swiss europe Eastern europe europe Armenians europe 5
Azerbaijanis europe 3
Belarusians europe
Georgians europe 3
Moldovans europe
Russians europe 1 Chechens europe 1 Ukrainians europe Northern europe europe British europe English europe
Scottish europe
Welsh europe
Cornish europe Danes europe
Estonians europe
Finns europe
Icelanders europe
Irish europe
Latvian europe
Lithuanians europe
Norwegians europe Sami europe Swedes europe Southeast europe europe Albanians europe Kosovar europe Bosnians europe
Bulgarians europe
Croats europe
Greeks europe
Greek Cypriots europe 5
Macedonians europe
Romanians europe
Serbs europe
Turkish europe 2
Turkish Cypriots europe 5 Southern europe europe Italians europe
Maltese europe
Portuguese europe
Spaniards europe Basques europe
Isleño europe Western europe europe Belgians europe Flanders europe Dutch europe
French europe Basques europe variant europeans Ashkenazi Jews/Sephardi Jews europe 6
Romani europe 7
2 Turkey europe is a continental country in the Middle East europe and southbound europe. Has a atomic move of its territory in Southeast europe europe label Turkish Thrace europe .
4 Kazakhstan europe is a continental country. Has a atomic move of its territories find westbound of the Urals in eastbound europe.
6 european and Middle Eastern mixed populations. | |
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